In Japan, high school is called kōtōgakkō (高等学校), which literally translates to “higher school.” Most people simply say kōkō (高校) for short. This is the equivalent of American high school, covering grades 10 through 12 for students aged 15 to 18.
Understanding the Japanese High School System
Japanese high schools are part of the country’s compulsory education system, but unlike in the US, they are not free. Public high schools charge tuition, and private schools cost more.
Students attend high school for three years, not four like in the US. The school year starts in April and ends in March, with three terms.
Key Differences from US High Schools
One major difference is the entrance exam. In the US, students typically move from middle school to high school automatically. In Japan, students must pass an entrance exam to get into a good high school.
Another difference is the daily schedule. Japanese high school students often have longer school days and more homework. Many also attend after-school clubs, which are a big part of student life.
| Aspect | Japan | United States |
|---|---|---|
| Years | 3 years (Grades 10-12) | 4 years (Grades 9-12) |
| Compulsory | No, but 98% attend | Yes, until age 16-18 |
| Tuition | Public: low cost; Private: higher | Public: free; Private: tuition |
| Entrance exam | Required for most high schools | Not required for public schools |
| School year starts | April | August/September |
Types of High Schools in Japan
Japan has several types of high schools, each with a different focus. Here are the main ones:
- Academic (普通科) – Prepares students for university entrance exams.
- Vocational (専門科) – Focuses on skills like business, agriculture, or technology.
- Comprehensive (総合科) – Offers a mix of academic and vocational courses.
- Specialized (特別支援学校) – For students with disabilities.
Most students attend academic high schools because they want to go to college. Vocational schools are popular for students who plan to enter the workforce right after graduation.
How Japanese High School Names Work
Japanese high schools are usually named by their location and a number. For example, “Tokyo Metropolitan Number 1 High School” or “Osaka Prefectural Number 2 High School.”
These names are often shortened in daily conversation. Students might say “ichi-kō” for Number 1 High School, which means “first high school.”
In the US, high schools are often named after people, like “Lincoln High School.” In Japan, they are almost never named after people.
What US Students Should Know
If you are an American student planning to study in Japan, you will need to adjust to a different schedule and more rigorous exams. You will also need to learn Japanese, as most classes are taught in Japanese.
However, many Japanese high schools have exchange programs with US schools. These programs can last a semester or a full year, and they are a great way to experience the culture.
For US families, it is important to note that Japanese public high schools charge tuition. In 2026, the average annual tuition for public high school is about 120,000 yen (roughly $800). Private high schools can cost over 1 million yen (about $7,000) per year.
Financial Aid and Scholarships
Japanese high schools offer financial aid, but it is limited compared to US federal aid. There is no FAFSA for Japan. Instead, the Japanese government provides a high school tuition support fund that reduces tuition for low-income families.
US students on exchange programs are often covered by their US school or program fees. If you are paying out of pocket, check with the Japanese school for any scholarships.
Remember, US financial aid like Pell Grants and federal student loans cannot be used for high school in Japan. Those are only for college or career schools in the US.
Final Thoughts
So, what is high school called in Japan? It is called kōkō (高校). It is a three-year experience that is different from the US in many ways, from entrance exams to the school calendar.
If you are a student or parent, understanding these differences can help you plan for studying abroad or simply satisfy your curiosity. Japan’s high school system is known for its discipline and high academic standards.
Whether you are just learning about Japan or seriously considering an exchange, knowing the correct term is the first step. Use “kōkō” when talking to Japanese friends, and you will sound like a pro.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is high school in Japan the same as in the US?
No, Japanese high school is only three years (grades 10-12) and requires an entrance exam for admission. The US has four years of high school and generally no entrance exam for public schools.
Do Japanese students have to pay for high school?
Yes, public high schools in Japan charge tuition, but the government provides a support fund to reduce costs for low-income families. Private high schools are more expensive.
What does “kōkō” mean in English?
“Kōkō” is the short form of “kōtōgakkō,” which means “high school” in English. It is the most common way Japanese people refer to high school in daily conversation.
Can an American student attend high school in Japan for free?
No, American students on exchange programs usually pay program fees, and they cannot use US federal financial aid for Japanese high school. However, some exchange programs cover tuition.
Are Japanese high schools named after people?
Rarely. Japanese high schools are usually named after their location and a number, like “Tokyo Metropolitan Number 3 High School.” Unlike the US, they are not typically named after presidents or historical figures.
