If you’re struggling to make your federal student loan payments, you may be wondering, “How do you defer your student loans?” Deferment lets you temporarily pause payments, and in most cases, interest does not accrue on subsidized loans. This guide explains the process, who qualifies, and how to apply.
What Is Student Loan Deferment?
Deferment is a period when you can stop making payments on your federal student loans. It is different from forbearance, which also pauses payments but usually accrues interest on all loan types. For subsidized loans, the government pays the interest during deferment, so your balance doesn’t grow.
You must apply for deferment through your loan servicer. Approval is not automatic, and you need to meet specific eligibility requirements. Most deferments last up to three years, but some have different limits.
Types of Deferment and Eligibility
There are several types of deferment, each with its own rules. Here are the most common ones for federal student loans:
- In-school deferment: For students enrolled at least half-time at an eligible school.
- Unemployment deferment: For borrowers who are unemployed or cannot find full-time work.
- Economic hardship deferment: For those receiving public assistance or serving in the Peace Corps, or with income below a certain threshold.
- Military service deferment: For active-duty service members during a war, military operation, or national emergency.
- Post-active duty deferment: For borrowers who served on active duty and are enrolled in school within 13 months of completing service.
- Cancer treatment deferment: For borrowers undergoing cancer treatment.
Each type has specific documentation requirements. For example, unemployment deferment requires proof of unemployment benefits or a written statement. Economic hardship deferment may require tax returns or pay stubs.
How to Apply for Deferment
The application process is straightforward but requires careful attention. Follow these steps to request a deferment:
- Contact your loan servicer: Log in to your account or call to ask about deferment options.
- Complete the deferment form: Your servicer will provide the correct form for your situation.
- Gather required documents: This may include enrollment verification, unemployment claims, or income proof.
- Submit the form and documents: Send them to your servicer via mail, fax, or online upload.
- Continue making payments until approval: Do not stop payments before you receive written confirmation. If you miss payments, you risk default.
It’s important to reapply for deferment if you need more time. Most deferments are not automatic after the initial period expires. Set a reminder to check your deferment end date.
Deferment vs. Forbearance: What’s the Difference?
Many borrowers confuse deferment and forbearance. While both pause payments, they affect interest differently. The table below summarizes the key differences:
| Feature | Deferment | Forbearance |
|---|---|---|
| Interest on subsidized loans | Paid by government | Accrues (you pay later) |
| Interest on unsubsidized loans | Accrues (you pay later) | Accrues (you pay later) |
| Typical duration | Up to 3 years | Up to 12 months at a time |
| Eligibility requirements | Specific (e.g., unemployment, school) | Financial hardship or other reasons |
| Application process | Form plus documentation | Simpler, but may require proof |
Generally, deferment is better because it saves you money on interest for subsidized loans. However, if you don’t qualify for deferment, forbearance can still provide temporary relief.
Important Considerations for 2026
As of August 2026, the student loan payment pause that began during the COVID-19 pandemic has ended. Payments are required again, and interest is accruing. If you are struggling, deferment is one option, but you also have other choices like income-driven repayment plans.
Income-driven repayment plans calculate your monthly payment based on your income and family size. They can be as low as $0 per month, and they do not require a deferment. After 20 or 25 years of qualifying payments, any remaining balance is forgiven.
Before applying for deferment, consider whether an income-driven plan might be a better long-term solution. Deferment is temporary, while income-driven plans offer a path to forgiveness.
Actionable Tips for a Successful Deferment Application
To avoid delays, follow these tips:
- Keep copies of all documents you submit.
- Use registered mail or online confirmation for proof of submission.
- Check your loan servicer’s website for the correct deferment form.
- Reapply before your deferment ends if you still need relief.
- Stay in touch with your servicer if your situation changes.
If your deferment request is denied, you can appeal or ask about other options. Your servicer must explain the reason for denial in writing.
Final Summary
Deferring your student loans can provide crucial relief during tough times. To defer, you must apply through your loan servicer with the appropriate form and proof of eligibility. Understand the difference between deferment and forbearance, and consider income-driven repayment as an alternative. Always keep paying until your deferment is approved to avoid default. If you have questions, contact your servicer or visit the official federal student aid website for up-to-date information.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long can I defer my student loans?
Most deferments last up to three years, but some types like in-school deferment can last as long as you are enrolled at least half-time.
Do I have to pay interest during deferment?
For subsidized federal loans, the government pays the interest during deferment, but for unsubsidized loans, interest accrues and is added to your balance.
Can I defer my private student loans?
Private lenders may offer deferment options, but they are not required to, and terms vary by lender, so you must contact your lender directly.
What happens if I stop paying without a deferment?
If you stop making payments without an approved deferment, your loans become delinquent and eventually go into default, which can hurt your credit and lead to wage garnishment.
How do I apply for a student loan deferment?
You apply by contacting your loan servicer, completing the appropriate deferment form, and submitting it with required documentation like proof of unemployment or enrollment.
